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3 November 1855: Sheet #1

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== Egypt and the Egyptian ==
What is Egypt? What is its origin? Where will it finish? 
Who is the Egyptian? Where does the race originate from? Where will it go? 
What was the nature of the Egyptian civilization? What are its current ways of civil living? What will be the first point of civilization, at which progress can explain it? 
Is a community interested in knowing where it comes from and where it can go? Of knowing where their ideas and civilization were brought from, and having a guide in its progress and an objective in its civil work?  
When you see each nation with a particular genius and that explains the goal of its centuries-old career, the question comes instinctively for us – What is the civil genius of the Egyptian population? Where does it strive to in its career? What is the result of its fundamental work? And so the desire to uncover its story is born; but a bitter doubt also looks upon the sorrowful mind.  
What! A population that is already a master of the world buried itself so fatefully underneath the ruins of its cities, of its splendor and of its monuments! Those cities, those splendors, those monuments, for which that population itself was great, itself was endowed, perhaps it buried them? 
Maybe a population dies like an individual? Ouch, the sad doubt that skepticism, with the mannerism of a prostitute, presents itself temptingly to us!
No, no; it cannot be that the Creator condemns us to a life of tests, to lead us to nothing! Inorganic nature goes through transformation, but nothing of her is lost. A vegetable in the teeth of a four-legged animal loses its life to assimilate into the animal's body. The animal, underneath the knife of its butcher, passes onto a better life in its assimilation into the human body. And man, only man will be lost? No, everything is transformation, is metempsychosis; the vegetable dies to become an animal; the animal dies to become a man, and the man dies to become God. 
The ancient Egyptian died; centuries of oblivion passed silently by on his tomb, but from his ashes the modern Egyptian is reborn, who makes the world believe in greater possibilities. 
But because a new phoenix is born, from the ashes of the centuries-old, blazed bird, it aims its flight at the right time. It is necessary to indicate what its objective on earth is, and to give it a compass that will guide it to the pole of its desires.
Where the sun scorches the arid sands and the marbled mountains, in inner Africa where the curious European has still not been able to relegate himself; in some parts of the year, the clouds that are continuously pushed by southern winds, broken up by the tall summits of the equatorial mountains, pour out streams, bodies of waters. These form immense lakes that constrict and expand based on the events in this huge plot of land. As vast seas, they offer an extraordinary view; as narrow canals, only the small-minded, petty person goes. 
These waters, infinitely accumulating over centuries, finish by opening into a path among the mountains on a lower plot of land, that is, closer to the sea, and from these mountaintops, like from a tall flood-gate, they pour out in the large, bottomless reservoir. In this remote era, the sea wets the slopes of the mountains, those of which today support and protect the new valley that APPELLOSSI (help) Egypt. And on this area, a country was created that is so fertile, so rich in products and monuments; where dolphins danced and predicted storms; and instead of air and men, there was only water and fish. 
The bodies of water from rainfall, collected on the immense area of the African continent, fall in this gulf. They take with them a large quantity of sand that continuously accumulates during their course through the desserts and mountains; graded by sand and earth, they fill it little by little and fill the bottom completely. The sea is forced to withdraw, leaving exposed earth that inch by inch fights for space and expands over centuries. The bodies of water on this land decrease uncertainly, sometimes funneling one way and other times in a different way. They give Egypt's soil an exceptional form different from any other valley, because the river, instead of finding itself in a bed lower than the rest of the valley, has shores that are higher than the soil. The soil distances itself from these shores in an inclined slope. 
Now who could count the centuries that these bodies of water started to flow from the top of the mountains by the sea? Who counts those where the sand was brought by the water, that started to fill the bottom of the Mediterranean gulf and appear on the surface? Who counts those used by the same bodies of water to follow the events of this new land, and by hydraulic laws they excavate a curving bed and channel themselves to form the Nile river?
All of these organic movements are in existence, are induced. No one assists with these creative acts: but the mind has to also convince itself that things have been this way, if historical documents prove to have had the same movement in the way of extensive progress of this country.
And touching upon this, we arrive at historic times, undoubtedly far from those in which man could be present at the primitive creation of this land; but from these times, he has steered himself to bring justice to that silent period in which man's footsteps were not yet printed on this region. We are talking about 14000 years ago, during the time of Menete who lived 11000 years (330 generations) before Meride. So Tebaide alone built all of Egypt; in 142 centuries, how the country did not gain any expansion! The glorious Memfi, and the entire monumental country that surrounds  it, was just a vast MAREMMA that took seven days of sailing to reach, and the richest Delta was just a turbulent gulf. 
D.E. Rossi